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Mercury and Wildlife
What is Bioaccumulation?
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What is Bioaccumulation?

Bioaccumulation refers to the process by which a concentration of a substance increases as it moves up the food chain. When mercury enters the water, it is transformed into a more toxic substance called methylmercury. Methylmercury is more absorbed easily by bacteria and small plants. These bacteria and plants are eaten by small fish, which in turn are eaten by larger fish. By the time a fish-eating bird or mammal eats the larger fish, the concentration of methylmercury in the fish can be up to a million times higher than in the surrounding water.




Fish
Countless types of fish, including some of our most popular sport fish, are affected by mercury contamination. Rainbow trout in mercury contaminated environments suffer from growth inhibition and high mortality of embryos and larvae. Yellow perch and northern pike with high mercury concentrations have impaired kidney function and endocrine disruption.






Loons
Contaminated loons hatch 50 percent less young, incubate eggs for significantly less time and produce lighter eggs. In chicks, high mercury concentrations affect brooding and feeding.

Frogs
Scientists believe mercury is a factor in the increasing incidence of limb deformities among species such as bullfrogs and northern leopard frogs, which spend most of their lives in water. High mercury concentrations in frogs have also been shown to cause high embryo-larval mortality.







Humans
Mercury exposure in pregnant women resulted in memory, attention and language development problems in their young children. Both men and women have suffered from infertility as a result of high blood mercury levels.








Florida Panther
Research has indicated the mercury contamination may be a contributing factor in the decline of the Florida panther.


Bioaccumulation
Photo Credits
Panther, Loon: Eyewire
Otter, Leopard, Frog, Racoon: Corbis
Bald Eagle, Human: Comstock
Norther Pike, Minnow, Rainbow Trout: US Fish & Wildlife Service



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